heating under reflux

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• Reflux — This article is about using reflux in chemical engineering and chemistry. For the reflux of stomach acids, see articles on heartburn, acid indigestion, and gastroesophageal reflux. For the reflux of urine, see vesicoureteral reflux. Reflux is a… …   Wikipedia

• Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones — The oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones is an important oxidation reaction in organic chemistry. When a secondary alcohol is oxidised, it is converted to a ketone. The hydrogen from the hydroxyl group is lost along with the hydrogen bonded …   Wikipedia

• Distillation — Distiller and Distillery redirect here. For other uses, see Distiller (disambiguation) and Distillery (disambiguation). For other uses, see Distillation (disambiguation). Laboratory display of distillation: 1: A heating device 2: Still pot 3:… …   Wikipedia

• Air-free technique — Air free techniques refer to a range of manipulations in the chemistry laboratory for the handling of compounds that are air sensitive. These techniques prevent the compounds from reacting with components of air, usually water and oxygen; less… …   Wikipedia

• Desulfonylation reactions — are chemical reactions leading to the removal of a sulfonyl group from organic compounds. As the sulfonyl functional group is electron withdrawing, methods for cleaving the sulfur carbon bonds of sulfones are typically reductive in nature.… …   Wikipedia

• Algaculture — is a form of aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae. The majority of algae that are intentionally cultivated fall into the category of microalgae (also referred to as phytoplankton, microphytes, or planktonic algae). Macroalgae,… …   Wikipedia

• Sodium salicylate — IUPAC name Sodium salicylate …   Wikipedia

• Ferrocene — Chembox new ImageFileL1 = Ferrocene 2D.png ImageSizeL1 = 80 px ImageFileR1 = Ferrocene 3D balls B.png ImageSizeR1 = 120 px IUPACName = ferrocene, bis(η5 cyclopentadienyl)iron OtherNames = ferrocene, iron cyclopentadienyl Section1 = Chembox… …   Wikipedia

• petroleum refining — Introduction  conversion of crude oil into useful products. History Distillation of kerosene and naphtha       The refining of crude petroleum owes its origin to the successful drilling of the first oil well in Titusville, Pa., in 1859. Prior to… …   Universalium

• Fractional distillation — is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, such as in separating chemical compounds by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which several fractions of the compound will evaporate. It is a special… …   Wikipedia

• Continuous distillation — Image 1: Typical industrial distillation towers Image 2: A crude oil vacuum distillation column as used in oil refineries …   Wikipedia